{"id":13047,"date":"2024-11-07T19:28:11","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T03:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/?p=13047"},"modified":"2026-02-26T23:43:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T07:43:33","slug":"astm-a108-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/astm-a108-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c ASTM A108: \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"13047\" class=\"elementor elementor-13047\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c140e4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c140e4f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56586b35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56586b35\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1114940 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1114940\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-761be40e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"761be40e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ba5b631 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ba5b631\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d45e4d8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d45e4d8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-55d84385 custom-ele-section-css elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55d84385\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25c84965\" data-id=\"25c84965\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fa46fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7fa46fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p>ASTM A108 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e ASTM A108 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 ASTM A108, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0412\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n \n<li>\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/cnc-machining-a-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0427\u041f\u0423<\/a> \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445<\/li>\n \n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 ASTM A108, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n \n<li>\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n \n<li>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 ASTM A108, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4977b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f4977b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108-Steel.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13055\" alt=\"\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c ASTM A108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108-Steel.jpg 768w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108-Steel-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108-Steel-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46f679f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46f679f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>In high-volume manufacturing, &#8220;cheap&#8221; material is often the most expensive variable. ASTM A108 represents the transition from raw structural steel to a machinable substrate. If you are still &#8220;skinning&#8221; hot-rolled bars to reach a diameter, you are losing money on every cycle.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>The primary engineering value of ASTM A108 isn&#8217;t just the chemistry; it\u2019s the process tolerance.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0411\u0430\u0440-\u0444\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432:<\/strong> A108 bars are straight and consistent. In 24\/7 &#8220;lights-out&#8221; manufacturing, this prevents the mechanical jams and vibration harmonics that kill tool life in hot-rolled stock.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>The &#8220;Skin&#8221; Advantage:<\/strong> The cold-drawing process increases the surface hardness. This &#8220;work-hardened&#8221; skin allows for cleaner chip breaking on the first pass, provided your tool engagement is deep enough to get under the surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 $ \/ \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0442 1018 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 12L14. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99f615e uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"99f615e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-99f615e\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"3\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1018<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Machinability\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">70%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Primary Trade-off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0413\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438; \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e BUE (Built-Up Edge).<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Strategic Use Case\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">12L14<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Machinability\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">160%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Primary Trade-off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0420\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Strategic Use Case\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0442\u044b.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1215<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Machinability\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">135%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Primary Trade-off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u042d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Strategic Use Case\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0436\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043a.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"4\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1045<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Machinability\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">55%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Primary Trade-off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432; \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Strategic Use Case\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0412\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"5\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1144<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Machinability\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">85%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Primary Trade-off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u0445\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Strategic Use Case\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4c58c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4c58c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c <a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/sheet-metal-welding-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/a>, strike 12L14 and 1215 from your list. The lead and sulfur content that makes them easy to machine will cause &#8220;hot shortness&#8221;\u2014intergranular cracking\u2014in the weld pool that no amount of pre-heating can fix.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432:<\/strong> Never prototype a high-speed part in 6061 Aluminum if the production intent is A108 steel. The tool pressures and chip dynamics are worlds apart. Establish your &#8220;Master Part&#8221; in A108 1018 or 12L14 from day one to ensure your CNC offsets translate to the production floor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>If your FEA (Finite Element Analysis) shows high cyclic stress at a sharp shoulder, pivot away from the free-machining grades. The very inclusions (Lead\/Sulfur) that break your chips also act as microscopic stress risers. In these scenarios, a &#8220;slower&#8221; machining grade like 1018 Stress-Relieved will provide the fatigue ceiling your application requires.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bddc401 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bddc401\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13056\" alt=\"ASTM A108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108.jpg 550w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASTM-A108-14x12.jpg 14w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d8353d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d8353d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 ASTM A108<\/h2>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>While the &#8220;Cold-Finished&#8221; designation defines the process, the chemical and physical makeup of the steel defines its performance limits. ASTM A108 covers a wide range of carbon and alloy steels, each tuned for specific mechanical behaviors.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 ASTM A108<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>The chemistry of A108 steel is primarily governed by carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. However, the &#8220;Free-Machining&#8221; variants introduce specific additives that act as internal lubricants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca6d311 uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"ca6d311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-ca6d311\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 1018)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 12L14)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"3\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0420\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffElement\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0423\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 (C)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Standard Carbon (e.g., 1018)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,151 \u0422\u041f3\u0422 - 0,201 \u0422\u041f3\u0422<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Free-Machining (e.g., 12L14)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,15% \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Role in the Alloy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffElement\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0446 (Mn)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Standard Carbon (e.g., 1018)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,60% - 0,90%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Free-Machining (e.g., 12L14)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,851 \u0422\u041f3\u0422 - 1,151 \u0422\u041f3\u0422<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Role in the Alloy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \"\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\".<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffElement\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0424\u043e\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440 (P)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Standard Carbon (e.g., 1018)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,04% \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Free-Machining (e.g., 12L14)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,04% - 0,09%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Role in the Alloy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"4\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffElement\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0430 (S)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Standard Carbon (e.g., 1018)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,05% \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Free-Machining (e.g., 12L14)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,26% - 0,35%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Role in the Alloy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0444\u0438\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \"\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0438\".<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"5\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffElement\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0446 (Pb)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Standard Carbon (e.g., 1018)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Free-Machining (e.g., 12L14)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">0,15% - 0,35%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Role in the Alloy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">(\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e) \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b30b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26b30b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430:<\/strong> \u0423\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 REACH \u0438 RoHS, \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 12L14 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 1215 (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0430).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 ASTM A108<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 A108. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> 7,87 \u0433\/\u0441\u043c\u00b3<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e 1425\u00b0C - 1540\u00b0C<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (E):<\/strong> 200 \u0413\u041f\u0430 (29 000 \u043a\u0441\u0438).<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> 51,9 \u0412\u0442\/\u043c-\u041a (\u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438).<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> 11,7 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \/\u00b0C (\u043e\u0442 20\u00b0C \u0434\u043e 100\u00b0C).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>The cold-finishing process significantly &#8220;boosts&#8221; the mechanical properties of A108 compared to its hot-rolled state. Below is a comparison of typical values for the most common cold-drawn grades:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a62881 uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"3a62881\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-3a62881\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432 (\u043c\u0438\u043d)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u043c\u0438\u043d)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"3\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (HB)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"4\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0423\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0432 2 \u0434\u044e\u0439\u043c\u0430)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1018<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Tensile Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">440 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (64 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Yield Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">370 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (54 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Hardness (HB)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">126<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4\" data-title=\"Elongation (in 2&quot;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">15%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1045<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Tensile Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">625 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (91 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Yield Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">530 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (77 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Hardness (HB)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">179<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4\" data-title=\"Elongation (in 2&quot;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">12%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1144<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Tensile Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">690 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (100 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Yield Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">550 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (80 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Hardness (HB)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">197<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4\" data-title=\"Elongation (in 2&quot;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">10%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"4\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffGrade\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">12L14<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Tensile Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">540 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (78 \u043a\u0441\u0438)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Yield Strength (min)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">415 \u041c\u041f\u0430 (60 ksi)<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-3\" data-title=\"Hardness (HB)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">163<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-4\" data-title=\"Elongation (in 2&quot;)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">10%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea19d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ea19d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442 1018 \u043a 1144 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 50%, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c) \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435), 1018 - \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>The &#8220;Hardness Skin&#8221;:<\/strong> The Brinell Hardness (HB) values listed above are for the bulk material. Due to the cold-drawing process, the surface &#8220;skin&#8221; can be 10-15% harder than the core, which helps with wear resistance but requires robust initial tool engagement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/h2>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>In high-volume CNC production, the enemy isn&#8217;t the hardness of the steel\u2014it is instability. ASTM A108 behaves predictably only if you respect the physics of cold-finished grain structures. If you treat an A108 bar like a stress-relieved casting, you will face dimensional &#8220;walking&#8221; and unpredictable tool failure.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Residual Stress Trap: Why Parts &#8220;Walk&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>Cold drawing forces steel through a die at room temperature, which creates a high-energy surface layer. This &#8220;stored energy&#8221; is your biggest risk during material removal.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0424\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 A108 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> * <strong>\u0421\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0443 1018, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 50% \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 50%.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 (SR):<\/strong> For ultra-precision spindles, specify ASTM A108 Stress-Relieved. This thermal cycle (approx. 540\u00b0C) &#8220;relaxes&#8221; the grain structure without sacrificing the hardness gained from cold-working.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solving the &#8220;Gummy&#8221; 1018 vs. The &#8220;Brittle&#8221; 12L14<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a A108.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1018 (\u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439\/\u0433\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439):<\/strong> \u0421\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0435 (BUE). \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0424\u0438\u043a\u0441:<\/strong> Increase your Surface Footage (SFM). High heat in the shear zone actually helps 1018 shear cleanly. Use a positive-rake insert with a sharp edge to &#8220;slice&#8221; rather than &#8220;push.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>12L14\/1215 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439):<\/strong> The &#8220;chips&#8221; are more like needles. They break instantly, which is excellent for deep-hole drilling.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441\u043a:<\/strong> In high-speed turning, these small, hard chips can act like abrasive grit, eroding the tool&#8217;s flank. Use TiN or TiAlN coated inserts to provide a lubricious barrier against the abrasive sulfide inclusions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (HPC)<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>In 2026, &#8220;lights-out&#8221; manufacturing is the baseline. A single &#8220;bird-nest&#8221; of stringy chips around a spindle can end a production run.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1018\/1045:<\/strong> These grades require aggressive chip-breaker geometries. If your chips aren&#8217;t snapping, check your <strong>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438<\/strong>. \u0414\u043b\u044f A108 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (&lt;0,1 \u043c\u043c\/\u043e\u0431) \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439:<\/strong> Utilizing 70-bar (1000 psi) coolant isn&#8217;t just for heat; it\u2019s a mechanical tool. Aim the nozzles directly at the tool-chip interface to &#8220;hydro-snap&#8221; the chip before it can wrap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tool Engagement: The &#8220;Under the Skin&#8221; Rule<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 2, A108 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0443, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430:<\/strong> Your Depth of Cut (DOC) should always be at least 1.5x the tool&#8217;s nose radius.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443?<\/strong> If you &#8220;rub&#8221; the skin with a light cut, the work-hardening increases exponentially, leading to &#8220;glazing&#8221; of the part and rapid tool blunting. Always get the tool tip into the softer, more stable core material as quickly as possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f ASTM A108 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044c\u0431\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438):<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 1018. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044c\u0431\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043d.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044c\u0431\u044b:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 1215 \u0438\u043b\u0438 1144. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044c\u0431\u0443, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3596f45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3596f45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Applications-of-ASTM-A108-Steel.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13057\" alt=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 ASTM A108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Applications-of-ASTM-A108-Steel.jpg 800w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Applications-of-ASTM-A108-Steel-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Applications-of-ASTM-A108-Steel-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Applications-of-ASTM-A108-Steel-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db030c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db030c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0420\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>Precision machining is only half the battle. For an engineer, the &#8220;lifecycle&#8221; of an ASTM A108 component is defined by how it handles heat, chemistry, and environmental stress. Failure to account for the metallurgical behavior of these grades during post-processing is a leading cause of field recalls.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Silent Killer&#8221;: Hydrogen Embrittlement<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a 1045 \u0438\u043b\u0438 1144, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 35 HRC.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c:<\/strong> \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/steel-pickling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a> or electroplating (Zinc, Chrome, etc.), atomic hydrogen can migrate into the steel&#8217;s grain boundaries. Under load, this causes the part to shatter without warning\u2014often at stresses far below its yield strength.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043e\u0442 190\u00b0C \u0434\u043e 210\u00b0C \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 4-24 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 3 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430: \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 A108 \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (1018\/12L14):<\/strong> Ideal for complex geometries (gears, small bushings). It adds carbon to the surface, creating a hard &#8220;case&#8221; (up to 60 HRC) while maintaining a ductile core.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/em> \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 12L14, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 (1045\/1144):<\/strong> \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0435\u0439. \u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u0420\u0438\u0441\u043a:<\/em> \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0430\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Corrosion Protection &amp; The &#8220;Tolerance Stack-up&#8221;<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>ASTM A108 has zero inherent corrosion resistance. In 2026, standard &#8220;rust-preventative oil&#8221; is rarely enough for global shipping.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0411\u0435\u0437\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c (EN):<\/strong> \u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 A108 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 0,005 \u043c\u043c.<\/li>\n \n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> If you specify a 25 micron (0.001&#8243;) Zinc plating, your shaft diameter increases by 50 microns (0.002&#8243;).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430:<\/strong> Always machine the &#8220;pre-plate&#8221; dimension. If your final fit is a press-fit, the thickness of the coating <em>\u044d\u0442\u043e<\/em> \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 A108 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f: \u0423\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b236dd6 uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table\" data-id=\"b236dd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"uael-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div itemscope class=\"uael-table-wrapper\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Table\">\n\t\t\t<table id=\"uael-table-id-b236dd6\" class=\"uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table\" data-sort-table=\"no\" data-show-entry=\"no\" data-searchable=\"no\" data-responsive=\"no\">\n\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"0\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"1\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th data-sort=\"2\" class=\"sort-this elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text\" scope=\"col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sort-style\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<!-- ROWS -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"1\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffFailure Mode\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0432\u0430<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Common Cause\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 12L14 \u0438\u043b\u0438 1215.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Engineering Correction\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 1018 \u0438\u043b\u0438 1020 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"2\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffFailure Mode\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0421\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Common Cause\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1144 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Engineering Correction\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">1144 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439\", \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 4140 L\/H (Leaded\/Hardened).<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr data-entry=\"3\" class=\"uael-table-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-0\" data-title=\"\ufeffFailure Mode\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-1\" data-title=\"Common Cause\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td class=\"uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2 uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-2\" data-title=\"Engineering Correction\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-table__text-inner\">\u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c; \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \"\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\" \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043d.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb8fc37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb8fc37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0410\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>As you finalize your material choice, remember that ASTM A108 is highly recyclable, contributing to a lower carbon footprint in &#8220;Green&#8221; manufacturing audits. However, the use of 12L14 (Leaded) is increasingly scrutinized.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 12L14 \u043d\u0430 1215. \u041d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 SFM \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>ASTM A108 remains the &#8220;gold standard&#8221; because it balances the three pillars of modern manufacturing: Precision, Speed, and Cost. Whether you are in the Rapid Prototyping phase\u2014where you need a material that behaves predictably\u2014or in Mass Manufacturing\u2014where every second counts\u2014ASTM A108 provides the technical foundation you need.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0427\u041f\u0423 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c.<\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 ASTM A108? <a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b CAD<\/a> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ae85093\" data-id=\"5ae85093\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-513878e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"513878e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u044f \u041a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d \u041b\u0438<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64977c7e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"64977c7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6422\" alt=\"\u041a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d \u041b\u0438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee.webp 1024w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee-300x240.webp 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee-768x614.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f284d8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f284d8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42f36dad elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"42f36dad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/about-author\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u041e\u0411\u041e \u041c\u041d\u0415<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53528981 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53528981\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f455f3b elementor-button-align-stretch elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-893 elementor-widget-form\" data-id=\"3f455f3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;step_next_label&quot;:&quot;\\u4e0b\\u4e00\\u4e2a&quot;,&quot;step_previous_label&quot;:&quot;\\u4e0a\\u4e00\\u4e2a&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:76,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:75,&quot;button_width&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;step_type&quot;:&quot;number_text&quot;,&quot;step_icon_shape&quot;:&quot;circle&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\" data-widget_type=\"form.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"elementor-form\" method=\"post\" name=\"\u65b0\u8868\u5355\" aria-label=\"\u65b0\u8868\u5355\" action=\"\">\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_id\" value=\"13047\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" value=\"3f455f3b\"\/>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"referer_title\" value=\"\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-form-fields-wrapper elementor-labels-\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-text elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-name elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0418\u043c\u044f\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"text\" name=\"form_fields[name]\" id=\"form-field-name\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"\u0418\u043c\u044f\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-email elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-email elementor-col-100 elementor-field-required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-email\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"email\" name=\"form_fields[email]\" id=\"form-field-email\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430\" required=\"required\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-tel elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_59b0978 elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_59b0978\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input size=\"1\" type=\"tel\" name=\"form_fields[field_59b0978]\" id=\"form-field-field_59b0978\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-field-textual\" placeholder=\"\u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\" pattern=\"[0-9()#&amp;+*-=.]+\" title=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 (#, -, * \u0438 \u0442.\u00a0\u0434.).\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-textarea elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-message elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-message\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<textarea class=\"elementor-field-textual elementor-field  elementor-size-sm\" name=\"form_fields[message]\" id=\"form-field-message\" rows=\"4\" placeholder=\"\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\"><\/textarea>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-upload elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_3054d6d elementor-col-100\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"form-field-field_3054d6d\" class=\"elementor-field-label elementor-screen-only\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"file\" name=\"form_fields[field_3054d6d]\" id=\"form-field-field_3054d6d\" class=\"elementor-field elementor-size-sm  elementor-upload-field\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-type-recaptcha_v3 elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-group-field_7cab1df elementor-col-100 recaptcha_v3-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field\" id=\"form-field-field_7cab1df\"><div class=\"elementor-g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6Ld96zomAAAAAFa92bnUaWtgdyyax_AThlz6udzh\" data-type=\"v3\" data-action=\"Form\" data-badge=\"inline\" data-size=\"invisible\"><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-field-group elementor-column elementor-field-type-submit elementor-col-100 e-form__buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" type=\"submit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0443<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"trp-form-language\" value=\"ru\"\/><\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-358be5b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"358be5b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c9276b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c9276b2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46eb2993 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46eb2993\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26c9e89b custom-ele-section-css elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26c9e89b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-68f0df76\" data-id=\"68f0df76\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17438d35\" data-id=\"17438d35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b242b5b custom-ele-section-css elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b242b5b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a7f2c08\" data-id=\"4a7f2c08\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aad5e93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2aad5e93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6422\" alt=\"\u041a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d \u041b\u0438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee.webp 1024w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee-300x240.webp 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Kevin-Lee-768x614.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c71d0e5\" data-id=\"2c71d0e5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45015f72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45015f72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u041a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d \u041b\u0438<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-718342c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"718342c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0435, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 Shengen, \u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f97c079\" data-id=\"7f97c079\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76e53762 custom-ele-section-css elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76e53762\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14e3fc19\" data-id=\"14e3fc19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc5a4cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7dc5a4cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19f972e5 uael-post__link-complete-yes uael-equal__height-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-posts\" data-id=\"19f972e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_slides_to_show&quot;:4,&quot;classic_slides_to_show_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;classic_slides_to_show_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;classic_pagination_type&quot;:&quot;ajax&quot;,&quot;classic_show_filters&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"uael-posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__body\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-blog-terms-position- uael-post-image-top uael-post-grid uael-posts\" data-query-type=\"custom\" data-structure=\"normal\" data-layout=\"\" data-page=\"13047\" data-skin=\"classic\" data-filter-default=\"\" data-offset-top=\"30\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post-grid__inner uael-post__columns-4 uael-post__columns-tablet-2 uael-post__columns-mobile-1\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"uael-post-wrapper   blog\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-post__bg-wrap uael-bg-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fillet-machining\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"uael-post__complete-box-overlay\" aria-label=\"\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0443\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__inner-wrap uael-inner-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fillet-machining\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u0435-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430: \u041e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Why-Tight-Internal-Fillets-Get-Expensive.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-24569\" alt=\"\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Why-Tight-Internal-Fillets-Get-Expensive.jpg 750w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Why-Tight-Internal-Fillets-Get-Expensive-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Why-Tight-Internal-Fillets-Get-Expensive-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__content-wrap uael-content-wrap-disabled\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"uael-post__title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fillet-machining\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0424\u0438\u043b\u0435-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430: \u041e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-calendar\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t13 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__comments\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-comments\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 192c0-88.4-93.1-160-208-160S0 103.6 0 192c0 34.3 14.1 65.9 38 92-13.4 30.2-35.5 54.2-35.8 54.5-2.2 2.3-2.8 5.7-1.5 8.7S4.8 352 8 352c36.6 0 66.9-12.3 88.7-25 32.2 15.7 70.3 25 111.3 25 114.9 0 208-71.6 208-160zm122 220c23.9-26 38-57.7 38-92 0-66.9-53.5-124.2-129.3-148.1.9 6.6 1.3 13.3 1.3 20.1 0 105.9-107.7 192-240 192-10.8 0-21.3-.8-31.7-1.9C207.8 439.6 281.8 480 368 480c41 0 79.1-9.2 111.3-25 21.8 12.7 52.1 25 88.7 25 3.2 0 6.1-1.9 7.3-4.8 1.3-2.9.7-6.3-1.5-8.7-.3-.3-22.4-24.2-35.8-54.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"uael-post__read-more elementor-button\" href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fillet-machining\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-labelledby=\"uael-post-24568\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\" id=\"uael-post-24568\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"uael-post-wrapper   blog\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-post__bg-wrap uael-bg-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fingerprint-resistant-stainless-steel\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"uael-post__complete-box-overlay\" aria-label=\"\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0443\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__inner-wrap uael-inner-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fingerprint-resistant-stainless-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"409\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-Surface-Appearance-Changes-Product-Perception-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-24454\" alt=\"\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-Surface-Appearance-Changes-Product-Perception-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-Surface-Appearance-Changes-Product-Perception-1-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-Surface-Appearance-Changes-Product-Perception-1-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__content-wrap uael-content-wrap-disabled\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"uael-post__title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fingerprint-resistant-stainless-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-calendar\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t12 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__comments\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-comments\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 192c0-88.4-93.1-160-208-160S0 103.6 0 192c0 34.3 14.1 65.9 38 92-13.4 30.2-35.5 54.2-35.8 54.5-2.2 2.3-2.8 5.7-1.5 8.7S4.8 352 8 352c36.6 0 66.9-12.3 88.7-25 32.2 15.7 70.3 25 111.3 25 114.9 0 208-71.6 208-160zm122 220c23.9-26 38-57.7 38-92 0-66.9-53.5-124.2-129.3-148.1.9 6.6 1.3 13.3 1.3 20.1 0 105.9-107.7 192-240 192-10.8 0-21.3-.8-31.7-1.9C207.8 439.6 281.8 480 368 480c41 0 79.1-9.2 111.3-25 21.8 12.7 52.1 25 88.7 25 3.2 0 6.1-1.9 7.3-4.8 1.3-2.9.7-6.3-1.5-8.7-.3-.3-22.4-24.2-35.8-54.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"uael-post__read-more elementor-button\" href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/fingerprint-resistant-stainless-steel\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-labelledby=\"uael-post-24442\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\" id=\"uael-post-24442\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"uael-post-wrapper   blog\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-post__bg-wrap uael-bg-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/oem-vs-contract-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"uael-post__complete-box-overlay\" aria-label=\"\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0443\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__inner-wrap uael-inner-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/oem-vs-contract-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"OEM \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"409\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A-Finished-Drawing-Does-Not-Always-Mean-a-Production-Safe-Job.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-24371\" alt=\"\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A-Finished-Drawing-Does-Not-Always-Mean-a-Production-Safe-Job.jpg 750w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A-Finished-Drawing-Does-Not-Always-Mean-a-Production-Safe-Job-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/A-Finished-Drawing-Does-Not-Always-Mean-a-Production-Safe-Job-18x10.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__content-wrap uael-content-wrap-disabled\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"uael-post__title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/oem-vs-contract-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\tOEM \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-calendar\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t9 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__comments\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-comments\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 192c0-88.4-93.1-160-208-160S0 103.6 0 192c0 34.3 14.1 65.9 38 92-13.4 30.2-35.5 54.2-35.8 54.5-2.2 2.3-2.8 5.7-1.5 8.7S4.8 352 8 352c36.6 0 66.9-12.3 88.7-25 32.2 15.7 70.3 25 111.3 25 114.9 0 208-71.6 208-160zm122 220c23.9-26 38-57.7 38-92 0-66.9-53.5-124.2-129.3-148.1.9 6.6 1.3 13.3 1.3 20.1 0 105.9-107.7 192-240 192-10.8 0-21.3-.8-31.7-1.9C207.8 439.6 281.8 480 368 480c41 0 79.1-9.2 111.3-25 21.8 12.7 52.1 25 88.7 25 3.2 0 6.1-1.9 7.3-4.8 1.3-2.9.7-6.3-1.5-8.7-.3-.3-22.4-24.2-35.8-54.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"uael-post__read-more elementor-button\" href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/oem-vs-contract-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-labelledby=\"uael-post-24369\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\" id=\"uael-post-24369\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"uael-post-wrapper   blog\">\n\t<div class=\"uael-post__bg-wrap uael-bg-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/setup-cost-vs-unit-cost-in-sheet-metal-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"uael-post__complete-box-overlay\" aria-label=\"\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0443\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__inner-wrap uael-inner-wrap-disabled\">\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/setup-cost-vs-unit-cost-in-sheet-metal-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Setup-Cost-vs-Unit-Cost.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-24239\" alt=\"\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Setup-Cost-vs-Unit-Cost.jpg 750w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Setup-Cost-vs-Unit-Cost-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Setup-Cost-vs-Unit-Cost-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__content-wrap uael-content-wrap-disabled\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"uael-post__title\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/setup-cost-vs-unit-cost-in-sheet-metal-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-calendar\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t6 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"uael-post__comments\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fa-comments\" viewbox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 192c0-88.4-93.1-160-208-160S0 103.6 0 192c0 34.3 14.1 65.9 38 92-13.4 30.2-35.5 54.2-35.8 54.5-2.2 2.3-2.8 5.7-1.5 8.7S4.8 352 8 352c36.6 0 66.9-12.3 88.7-25 32.2 15.7 70.3 25 111.3 25 114.9 0 208-71.6 208-160zm122 220c23.9-26 38-57.7 38-92 0-66.9-53.5-124.2-129.3-148.1.9 6.6 1.3 13.3 1.3 20.1 0 105.9-107.7 192-240 192-10.8 0-21.3-.8-31.7-1.9C207.8 439.6 281.8 480 368 480c41 0 79.1-9.2 111.3-25 21.8 12.7 52.1 25 88.7 25 3.2 0 6.1-1.9 7.3-4.8 1.3-2.9.7-6.3-1.5-8.7-.3-.3-22.4-24.2-35.8-54.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"uael-post__read-more elementor-button\" href=\"https:\/\/shengenfab.com\/ru\/setup-cost-vs-unit-cost-in-sheet-metal-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-labelledby=\"uael-post-24235\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-left\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\" id=\"uael-post-24235\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"uael-post__footer\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASTM A108 - \u044d\u0442\u043e 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